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Present Perfect Tense Rules With Examples
Friends! In the previous notes, We have learned about Present Indefinite Tense and Present Continuous Tense in details. Hope you have practiced well too. Moving on to the series of Present Tense, Today We are going to learn about Present Perfect Tense Rules With Examples. So let’s start :
What is Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Tense : When an action is completed at the present time, that is, when there is a feeling of completion of an action, it is called Present Perfect Tense. Let us understand by some examples :
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| Ram has finished Home Work. | We have purchased books. |
| She has lived in Jaipur. | They have eaten food. |
| He has written a letter. | I have sung a song. |
Friends! Read these examples carefully and tell us what you understand.
- You noticed that one thing is common in these sentences that the IIIrd form of the Main Verb after the Helping Verb is being used in all the sentences.
- And two types of helping verb — “has/have” is being used in these Sentences.
You must be clearing one thing from these examples that the helping verb “Has / Have” and then the third form of Main Verb is being used in Present Perfect Tense. Let us now know, when and how to use the Helping Verb and Main Verb in Present Perfect tense.
Important Rules of Present Perfect Tense :
To understand the Present Perfect Tense, first we have to understand some of its rules which are as follows:
- This Tense uses the Helping Verb “has” with Singular Subject – He, She, It and Single Names and the Helping Verb “have” with Plural Subjects – I, We, You, They and Plural Names.
- The IIIrd form of the verb is always used in present perfect tense.
- If there is Negative sentence, then use “not” immediately after helping verb has/have.
- In Interrogative Sentence, the helping verb (has/have) is always applied before the subject and must put question marks at the end of the sentence.
- If the sentence is Interrogative as well as negative, then the helping verb (has/have) is applied before the subject and “not” is used immediately after the subject.
You will be able to understand these rules better from the table given below.
| Helping Verb : | Has, Have |
| Main Verb : | IIIrd Form of Verb |
| Subjects | Helping Verb | |
|---|---|---|
| Singular | He, She, It and Single Names | has |
| Plural | I, We, You, They and Plural Names. | have |
Keeping all these rules in mind, It will be very easy for you to understand Present Perfect Tense. So let’s study the types of Present Perfect Tense one by one with easy examples.
Types of Present Perfect Tense :
Friends! You all know that four types of sentences are made of each tense, which is also the same for the present perfect tense. It goes like this:
- Affirmative or Simple Sentence
- Negative sentence
- Interrogative Sentence
- Interrogative Negative Sentence
Affirmative Sentences | Simple Sentence :
Carefully understand the structure given below to create a simple Sentence of Present Perfect Tense :
- Structure for Affirmative sentence of Present Perfect Tense.
| For Singular : | Subject + has + IIIrd Form of Verb + Object + Others. |
| For Plural : | Subject + have + IIIrd Form of Verb + Object + Others. |
For Example :
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| He has spoken English. | I have read book. |
| She has cooked Food. | We have drunk Milk in the Kitchen. |
| It has fallen away. | You have tried to solve this question. |
| Virat Kohli has played Cricket. | They have gone to college. |
| Radha has slept on the Bed. | Virat and Yuvraj have played cricket. |
Negative Sentence :
Must use “not” immediately after helping verb in negative sentence and Follow the below structure to create a Negative Sentence of the Present Perfect Tense :
- Structure for Negative Sentence of Present Perfect Tense.
| For Singular : | Subject + has + not + IIIrd Form of Verb + Object + Others. |
| For Plural : | Subject + have + not + IIIrd Form of Verb + Object + Others. |
For Example:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| He has not spoken English. | I have not read book. |
| She has not cooked Food. | We have not drunk Milk in the Kitchen. |
| It has not fallen away. | You have not tried to solve this question. |
| Virat Kohli has not played Cricket. | They have not gone to college. |
| Radha has not slept on the Bed. | Virat and Yuvraj have not played cricket. |
Interrogative Sentence :
Friends! In interrogative sentences, the helping verb always precedes the subject. Always keep this in mind and follow the structure as mentioned below :
- Structure for Interrogative Sentence of Present Perfect Tense.
| For Singular : | Has + Subject + IIIrd Form of Verb + Object + Others ? |
| For Plural : | Have + Subject + IIIrd Form of Verb + Object + Others ? |
For Example:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| Has He spoken English? | Have I read book? |
| Has She cooked Food? | Have We drunk Milk in the Kitchen? |
| Has It fallen away? | Have You tried to solve this question? |
| Has Virat Kohli played Cricket? | Have They gone to college? |
| Has Radha slept on the Bed? | Have Virat and Yuvraj played cricket? |
Interrogative Negative Sentence :
Friends! Like interrogative in interrogative negative, the helping verb will always be immediately before the subject and Being negative, the “not” will always be placed immediately after the subject. To understand this, use the following structure :
- Structure for Interrogative Negative Sentence of Present Perfect Tense.
| For Singular : | Has + Subject + not + IIIrd Form of Verb + Object + Others ? |
| For Plural : | Have + Subject + not + IIIrd Form of Verb + Object + Others ? |
For Example:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| Has He not spoken English? | Have I not read book? |
| Has She not cooked Food? | Have We not drunk Milk in the Kitchen? |
| Has It not fallen away? | Have You not tried to solve this question? |
| Has Virat Kohli not played Cricket? | Have They not gone to college? |
| Has Radha not slept on the Bed? | Have Virat and Yuvraj not played cricket? |
Golden Structure For Present Perfect Tense :
Friends! As always today, we are telling you the Golden Structure which you can use to make any Sentences keeping in mind the above rules and also remember it easily. It goes like this:
- Golden Structure For Simple Perfect Tense :
| Subject + | H.V. (has/have) | M.V. (IIIrd Form) | Object + | Others. |
Some Important Uses of Present Perfect Tense :
1. Present Perfect Tense is used to tell about any action that has just finished. The following adverb can be used in this Tense : Just, Already, Ever, Never, Till Now, Today, So far, This Morning, This Week, This Month, This Year, Since, For, Often etc. Like :
- They have just finished their work.
- She has not come back so far.
2. Never use a time that has already left or Adverb of past time with this tense such as: Yesterday, Last Week, Last Month, Last Year, Some time ago etc. Like :
- I have passed B.A. in 1990. (Incorrect)
- She has gone to Jaipur Yesterday. (Incorrect)
- I have passed B.A. (Correct)
- She has gone to Jaipur. (Correct)
You can also make such sentences in Simple Past Tense, like :
- I passed B.A. in 1990. (Correct)
- She went to Jaipur Yesterday. (Correct)
3. Present Perfect Tense is also used to tell about any Action that started in the past but is still going on in the present time, Like :
- I have lived in Bombay for 10 Years.
- Ram has not seen her for a long time.
Friends! Thus Present Perfect Tense is very easy to understand. We have told you about present tense and its rules with easy examples. Just as we are providing you notes, keep practicing them in the same way. Believe it, You will never forget Tense.
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